X-ray opesatihg table



May 10 1927.

J. J; GROBE X-RAY OPERATING TABLE Filed Sept. 11, 1922 INVENTOR.

May 10, 1927. "1,628,043

. J. J. GROBE X-RAY OPERATING TABLE Filed Sept. 11. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet3 4/ Ha Id INVENTOR.

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CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

XQRIAY OPERATING TABLE.

Application filed September 11, 1922.

My invention relates to improvements in X-ray operating; tables, and theprincipal objects thereof are to provide an X-ray operating tablecapable of doing both radiographic and fluoroscopic work in allpositions from vertical. to horizontal and below horizontal in theso-called Trendelenberg position; to provide in an. X-ray table ot theabove type a system o't counterweights J for the fluoroscopicscreen andtube holder so arranged that the counterweight and the other mechanismare counterbalanced about the pivotal center of the table in allpositions ot the table top and of the counterweight; to provide meansfor positively locking. the above table top in all positions of angularadjustment; to provide a plate. film or cassette holding means on saidtable top with arrangements sothat'these means can be cleared away forfluoroscopic work: to

provide means for rapidly and accurately centering the tube holderrelatively to the plates. films or cassettes; to provide astructurewhich can be readily knocked down for shipment, and packed in smallcompass. to provide a tube stand and screen holder structure whereby themanipulation of these parts is considerably simplified: to provide aneat and ru ged construction which shall be relatively simple in designand economical to manufacture. and in general to provide an improved andefficient table structure of the character referred to.

In the accompanying drawings which il- 35 lustrate a table constructedin accordance with my invention,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the entire tahl e structure. i Fig. 2 isan enlarged fragmentary end elevation of one of the adjustable tahle-stos or supports.

Fin. 3 is an enlarged section taken on the line of Fig. 1. 4 is afragmentary perspective of? the screen holder and associated parts.

Fin. 5 is a plan view of the table structure shown in 1. with certainparts broken away to show the construction. oi other parts.

Fin. 6 is a partial section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic sideelevation ot the table. showing the operation of the counter-weightingmechanism.

the compression cylinder Serial 110.

F 9 is section takenon line 9- 9 of Fig. 5 of the tube stand portion ofthe table.

Fig". 10 is an elevation of the tube holder carriage looking in thedirection of arrow 10 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 1.1 is 1111 oi, Fig.

a section taken on the line 10 with the lower portion of and thesupporting rails broken away. 7 I

Fig. 12 is a section taken on the line 12-12 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 13 is a 13--13 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 1a is a section l b-14: of Fig. 9.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the plate holder slide.

F 16 is a perspective view of the compression cylinder.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 and 5. he numerals 20 and 21represent uprights on the left and right hand sides ot the tablerespectively and 22 is a. U-shaped frame at the rear of the tableconnected with the uprights 20 and 21 by means of the round side-rails23. A cat'ed at 24; ttastens the uprights 20 and 31 rigidly together.Attached to the abutments on the frame 22 are two tube-stand rails 25and 26. These rails 25 and 26 extend the entire length of the table andare joined together by the cast iron end frame 2?. Attached to thiscasting 27 are extensions of the rods 23 and also the guard rail sectiontaken on the line taken on they line 28. It is understood, of course,that all or the iembers ust described are readily demountahle.

Thetable top 30 is pivoted at 31 on the upper ends of the two uprights20 and 21. A gear sector 32 is rigidly attached to the side of the tabletop and cooperates with the pinion A pinion 33 is journaled on a stud34. mounted in the upright 20 and is integrally united tosprocket 35also journaled on stud 3 1-. A chain 36 is trained around sprocket and asmaller sprocket 3T pinned to shaft 38 by a pin 39. as shown in Thecrank handle 40 is keyed to shaft 38 by means oi a pin 41 and carries atits outer end a handle t). which is pivoted at 4t?) on the crank handlea0. The locking: plunger 44 is slidably mounted in Ql'lldQS 4:5 and 45in crank 40 and is norinally forced inwardly by spring l6 acting againststop collar 47 pinned to rod it-t.

cross girder incithereby tending to engage the end of said plunger witha series of lugs 49 on the upright 20.

Handle -12 has at its lower end a gear set?- tor 49 cooperating withrack teeth 50 cut into the plunger 44. Handle stud screws into gearsector 19 and supports hand e grip This grip is rotatable on the Ft -L,-51 and is held in posifon on the latter by means of a screw and washeras shown. t will be readily understood that upon tion of the handle thetable can be ad to any angular position and when reh ed will remain inthis position because of the action. of the mechanism just described.This takes place as follows:

When the table top is to be rocked on its axis, the handle section -12is swun in a position in which it is at right angles to the crank handle"10. lVhcn this position is reached the locking plunger 1 1; will bewith drawn from out of eiuz'agmnent with the lugs 418. The crank canthereupon be ro tated in either direction and the table correspondinglyrocked about its axis.

Immediately upon letting go of ti; handle the spring 16 which wascompressed when the pin 4.4 was withdrawn 'lroin cugageinent with thestuds .8 is new opera tive to force the plunger 4stback into engagementwith said studs 48 sin'uiltaueouslv throwing the handle 41-2 back intoline with the crank by the interaction of the melt teeth 50 with thegear sector 49. This ac tion locks the table top in the adjusted augularposition on account of the once ment of the plunger 1-41 with the studsr8 preventing further rotation of the crank and hence; locking thepinion 33 which operates gear sector 32.

The table top 30, as to its 'lralne. coniprises a pair of end frames and71 connected together by means of side bars or strips 72 andbinding-rods '73. The panel 7 1 made of material transparent to T l-rayscovers the top of the table and is held in position thereon by anysuitable means.

Attached to the end frames 70 and 71 are structures arranged to receiveplates. films or cassettes. These are attached to a plate holder shownat Fig. 15. This consists ot a plate 75 preteral'ily of steel and havina handle 76. The steel slide 75 reenlorced along the side by the stripsto serve as additional guiding means when the slide is telescoped withthe e'uidewavs in the table top. The cassette. plate or film is held inposition on the top of the plate holder slide 75 by means of the clamps8. These W shaped castings adapted to be secured in the variouspositions on the slide in an suitable manner as for instance bv meals ofthumb screws engaging slots 79. The

corners of the plates or cassettes engnure with the corner recesses 1nthe brackets TS to hold the plate in position laterally on the slide.The plate springs are provided to hold the plate, film or cassette downagainst the surface of the slide 75.

The plate holder 75 ably inserted under the table top, being guided bythe slots 89 in the end plates 70 and 71, by grooves in CIOSS1T10S 90and 91 and by grooves 93 in swinging cr0ss-tie 941. These plates an beput in three ditl'erent positions on the table top. 'lhc plate in itshead end position is guided by grooves in end-bar 71. and in one side ofthe cross tie 9-1. The plate in its center position is guided by thegroove on the other side of the cross tie 941 and on the cross tie 91.The plate holder in its f0otend position is guided by the groove incross tie 90 and end plate 70. hen a cassette is mounted on the plateholder slide 75, the lower sets of guides are used. The springs 95 forcethe top of the cassette in contact with the under side of the table.

The cross bar 91- arranged to swivel at one end so as to clear the topof the table tor fluoroscopic work. To this end the casting: 96 which istarri'ed by rod 102 is bituieated to form one part of a hinge joint, theother part of which is formed by a lug 97 on the cross tie 91 in whichlug is fixed the pintle 98. By this means the cross bar 91- can be swungin an arc of 180. A spring: stop means is provided on bracket 99 so thatthe cross tie can be held locked in its acrossthe-table-position. Thisconsists of a s ii'ring plunger 100 made up in accordance with the usualpractice and co-operating with a slot 101 in the end of the cross tie94-. A similarspring plunger 100 at the head end of the table serves tolock the bar 91 in its longitudinal or cleared position.

Supported on rails 73 ai riaee supporting rods 102. up of two castings103 and 104 joined together h rods 105 carried on these rodsthrougrlrthe medium of rollers 106 and is thus capable of travelinglengthwise of the table. Four other rollers 10? mounted on the castings103 and 101 support a cross trolley consisting of two rods 10% tied atone end bv means of screen supporting yoke 109, and at the other end bythe voke 1 10.

A tube holding member comprising shutter mechanism 111 of conventionalpattern carries on its lower surface a tube holder plate 112 which isprovided with a lead glass bowl 113 and tube supporting means 114;. Ashutter ctmtrolline' handle 115 is mounted in yoke for the purpose ofcontrolling the shutter opening in a manner well known in the art.

Yoke 109 supports two upright rods 116. A skeleton frame 117 issupported on the uprights 116 by means of rollers 118 and carries at theend of two projecting arms 119 friction discs 120. A trunnion member twotube carii carriage made is adapted to be slidlit) 121 having frictionsurfaces 122 co-operating with the friction surfaces 120 is interposedbetween the two arms 119. The two friction surfaces 120 and 122co-operate together to form a friction joint in a manner well known inthe art. The trunnion member 121 is formed with a socket 123 whichpivotally supports the stem of a screen supporting fork 12-4. Theextremities of said fork 1241 consist of friction discs 125 and havinginterposed between them screen holding frame 126, which has frictionsurfaces 127 co-operatinp; with the friction surface 125 to form afriction joint in a manner well known. in the art.

Handle 128 is attached to the screen holding frame to allow the latterto be readily moved and handled. A vertically disposed feed screw 129 isjournaled at its upper end in a cross yoke 130 joining the upper ends ofthe two rods 116 together and at its lower end in the yoke 109. A thrustcollar 131 forms a shoulder which holds this screw in the positiondesignated. A nut 132, pref erably self-aligning, is mounted in one ofthe cross bars of the frame 117 and co-operates with the screw 129 whichis actuated by a crank handle 133 fixed on the upper extremity of saidscrew. It can be readily understood that upon rotation of this handle133 the entire screen holding mechanism can be moved toward and awayfrom the table top.

Also the entire screen frame support can be swiveled upon the frictionjoint formed by the friction surfaces 120 and 122. Gomplete rotation is,however, prevented by means of the stop 134 which cooperates with theprojection 13 1 to limit the movement at this point from a position inwhich the screen holder is parallel to the table top to one in which itis at an angle of approximately 105.

The stem of the screen holder frame is secured in socket 123 by means ofan adjust The screen'holder frame at various angular positions withrespect to the table top by rotating same relative to the screen holderfork through the medium of the friction oint formed by the discs 125 and127. It will be readily understood that the tube holder and with it thescreen mechanism can be adjusted lengthwise and crosswise of the tabletop. The shutter can be adjusted at any desired position and the screencan be made to as some any angular position relative to the table topand can be moved toward and away from the latter for a purpose later tobe described.

Supported on end casting and cross brace 91 are the rods 136 supportingby means of rollers 137 the movable coun erweight 188. By means ofpulleys 189, 1 16, 1-4-1 and 1 12 and cables 143 and 141-1 the counablescrew 135. can be adjusted terweight 13Sv is connected to the tubeholder screen supporting mechanism in such a. fashion that the ratio ofmovement of the counterwei ht to the tube holder and screen holdingmechanism as one is to two.

he C )UHlOl'WQlgllt weighs twice as much as the sum of the weights ofthe screen holder and tube holder, hence incrcn'ients or decremerds inthe respective moments of inertia of the counterweights and partsbalanced the by with respuit to the pivotal point or a. of the tablewould always be it fo lows, therefore, that whatever be the position ofangular adjustment of the l able, the tube holder and screen may bemoved into any location, within their range of movement, withoutaffecting the equilibrium of the table. The arrangement has the'l'jurther advantage that in placing the counterweigh. at the end of thetable remote from the tube holder, the countert also serves as a partialcounterpoise the table, which, as shown, is pivoted point nearcrto thefoot than to the head of the table.

in order to compensate for the difference in weights between the partsof the table at opposite sides of i he pivot 31 and also for the unequaldistribution of weight of the average oatienton either side of thepivot, I prefer to secure to the lower end of the table on additionalcounterpoise 1 15. In this way the em ire table structure iscounterlnrlanced even when occupied by a patient, and can be easilymoved into the va 1- ons angular positions about the pivot point andheld in any desired position without the necessity of building a movingelement to withstand great weight. It is, of course, understoml thatalthough the structure ;-ihows this additional counterpoise as beingstationary and fastened at the foot of the table it could be faslened atany point providing it is of the proper proportion to obtain the ellectsdesired. i

A tube stand 160 comprising a column 161 is slidably mounted on therails 25 and 26 by means of a mechanism 162. '1 he 1necl1a nii-fini 162is attached to the tube column 1.61 by n'ioans of two clamps 182 held inany suitable manner as for insance by screws 183'. 5 The mechanism 162is supported on rail by means of two sets of opposing rollers 1631111:1161 which prevent it froi'n swinging: longitudinall i and is heldup right against t pping); transversely by means of the set of opposingrollers 16 co-operatinc; with rail 26 as shown.

control standard 166 formed as a collar of the tube 161 is arranged soas to be at a convenient height for manipulation and has at its upperend a lock knob 167 which is fastened to a tubular shaft 168 engaging alower clamp 169 at its threaded end. and an upper clamp 170 by means ofthe shouldll der 170. Upon rotation of the handle the lower clan-1p isdrawn up pivoting upon the edge lit) and locks against rod 25 as shownagainst the action of coil spring 171. A Second control rod 172 ismounted in the guides 1.73 and 177i and ends in a handle 177. Thisadapted to l raised and lowered and is held in adjusted Ptniltltlll byits weight actinnagainst the pins 174-. llpon rotation of the handle 17?so that the pins Ill align themselvowv with the sockets lit the rod 172can he drop 'ied so as to engage the sockets 1.79 provided for it on redfor a purpose later to be described.

lilounted so as to be vertically adjustable up and down on the tubecolumn 161 is a movable sleeve 17S. itttachcd to a hool: at the upperend of the sleeve is one end of the cable 1T9 which j'iasses over pulley180 and has its other end connected to the usual counterweight 181, saidcounterweight preferably being: located within the hollow column 161.-

Clamping mechanism shown in Figure 1-1- provided to locl: the sleeve 179in any position of vertical or angular adjustment on the tube column161. This consists of two half-clamps 184: and 18: pivoted at one end asshown at 186 and adapted to be drawn together at. their other ends bymeans of hand screw 18'? as shown. thus clamping the t o pieces ltll and185 about the tube column 161 and llt lt llll g the sliding sleeve 1T8in posi ion. Friction disc 190 projects from one side of the columnsurrounding the stud 188. The stud is held in position by its havingthreaded end 189 screwed into a hole in the sleeve 178. and is furtherlocked up by means of the pin or screw 186. A sleeve 191 surrounds thestud 188 for a short distance beyond the face of the friction disc 199.A graduated ring 196 is journaled on the sleeve so as to read theangular position of the tube holding member 200.

Guide rail supporting arms 193 are pivotally mounted on the stud 188 andheld against lateral displacement by means of the screw 19% passingthrough part 193 and engaging! a circum'lerential groove 195 in the stud188. The arms .93 can be rotated on the stud 188 and remain in adjustedposition throiurh the medium of the friction plunger 195. which isforced against stud 188 by means of a spring washer backed up by screw19?. The arm 193 carries at either end ,euide rails 198. which arejoined together at their outside ends by means of tie bar 199. lilidablymounted on guide rails 198 is the tube holder 290. Rollers 201 engagingthe rail 198 are held in position on the side members 202 by means oftie bars 203, which also serve to hold the two side members 202 togetherto form a quadrangular frame.

Pivotally mounted 011 pins 204; in the side frames 204: is an annularframe 205 held in adjusted position by a friction clamping screw. whichpasses tln'ough an arcuate slot 206 in member .204. Mounted on, theplate 295 to be axially adjustable on. a vertical axis is an annularmember 207 which carries the stereoscopic rollers 208 which engage thestereoscopic rails 209. The rails 209 are mounted on sub-base 219.

A. bowl base 216 is mounted on sub-base 219 by means of screws andwashers 21'? so as to be adjustable about an axis perpendicular to theguide rails 198. Three: lug; 21S project beyond the plate 216 as shownand carry locking screws 219 which co-operate with a collar 220 on thetube shield 221 for the pui'rpmse of holding the latter down againstplate 216.

It will be readily understood from the foregoing that the sliding sleeve178 can be adjusted up and down on the column. and also about the column161 and held 111 any adjusted position by means of the clan'i iiinggdevice. luide rails 198 and with them the tube holder device 220 can beadjusted about a horizontal axis on the stud 188 and held in adjustedposition by means of the friction device at 195. Tube carriage 220 canbe moved horizontally on the guide rails 198 and locked in position inany desired manner. for instance by means of the set screw The tubeholder can be adjusted on a vertical axis at two points. na-niiely: onplate 216 and on turret 207. 'lhis allows stereo- Scopic work bothcrosswise and lengthwise of the guide rails and hence of the table topand at the same time allows the tube to be rotated so as to give properclearance for the high tension wires. The entire tube holder can beswung pivotally about the axis 1 through an angle of approximately 39 oneach side of the central position.

Means are provided for fastening: a compression cylinder 228 consistingof buttons fastened on to the plate 210 and engrape ing'the tapered camsurfaces 230 see Fig. 16) when the raised section 231 at the top of thecompression cylinder engages the hole 232 as shown. It will he noted inthis con neetion that the cam surfaces are so arranged that thecompression cylinder can be inserted by rotation in either direction.

It will be understood from. the descrip tion that the table top can heswung from a horizontal to a vertical position and in reverse directionfrom a horizontal position to a position approximately 25 belowhorizontal and is positively held in any adjusted position by means ofthe raising n'iechanism described. In a horizontal position an auxiliarysupport for the table is provided at its head end and consists of thetwo adjustable fingers 210, which co-operate with extensions 211 on thetable top. When it is desired to drop the table below the horizontalthese fingers are thrown to one side as shown by the dotted line ofFigure 2 allowing the extensions 211 to clear them and drop below thetable top.

Because of the fact that the table top itself is counter -balanced andthe screen ant. tube holding mechanism are also counterbalanced both asto mutual relative movement, and as to pivotal n'ioveincnt about thepivot 31, the table top can be readily raised and lowered with theexpenditure or very little energy. The screen holder and with it thetube holder can be moved up and down and crosswise oi? the table and thescreen holder itself can be moved toward and away from. the table topand in any angular position with respect to the table top and willremain in adjusted position. The plates and cassettes can be introducedinto three places in the table top as described before and the tubestand can be centered relative to these places by dropping the lrnob 173and allowing the lower end or the rod to drop into sockets 178.

While I have illustrated and described a particular embodiment of myinvention, 1 do not wish it to be understood as intending it to belimited thereto, as the same may be variously niodiiied and alteredwithout departing from the spirit of my invention, it being my desire toclaim. my invention as broadly and completely as the prior state of theart will permit.

\Nhat I claim as new and by Letters Patent, is:

l. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a tabletop pivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element support, acounter' .veight whose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tubeelement support niovably supported on said table top, and connectionsbetween said counterweight and tube support adapted to move saidcounterweight and tube support for increments of distance substantiallyin inverse ratio relative to the respective weights or the said X-raytube element support and said counterweight.

In an X-ray operating table, the combination ot a support, a table top,a pivotal connection between said support and said table top, an X-raytube element support on said table top, a counterweight whose weight isunequal to that o1 said X-ray tube element support on said table top,and means for connecting said X-ray tube element support and saidcounterweight together for simultaneous movement, said. connecting meansbeing constructed and arranged so that the moments of inertia oi": saidX-ray tube element support and said counterweight about said pivotalconnection are keptsubstantially equal in all positions of adjustment ofsaid Xa'ay tube element support and said counterweight on said tabletop.

3. In an X-ray desire to secure operating table, the com- X-ray binationof a support, a table top, a pivotal connection between said table topand said support, an X-ray tube element support on said table top, acounterweight whose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube elementsupport on said table top, connections between said tube support andcounterweight adapted to move said tube support and counterweight forincrements of istance substantially in inverse'ratio relative to therespective weights of said X-ray tube element support and saidcounterweight; aid X-ray tube element support and counterweight beingsaid pointoi": pivotal connection that their moments of inertia aboutsaid point are substantially equal.

4;. In an X-ray operating table, the co1nbination of a support, a tabletop pivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element support, acounterweight whose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube elementsupport, means for connecting the tube element support and counterweighttogether for simultaneous movement, said connecting means being arrangedand constructed so that the product of the weight of the X -ray tubeelement support times the distance from the center of weight or saidsupport-to the axis on which the table top pivots is substantially equalto the product or the weight of the counterweight times the distancefrom the center of weight of said counterweight to said axis in allpositions of adjustment of said X-ray tube element support and saidcounterweight on said table top. w

In an X-ray operating table, the combination. of a support, a table toppivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element support, acounterweight whose weight is unequal to that or said X-ray tube elementsupport niovably supported on said table top, connections between saidcounterweight and tube support, for moving said. counterweight and tubesupport simultaneously, said connect-ions being constructed so that therelative distances from the center of weight of said counterweightand-tube support to the axis on which the table top pivots are keptsubstantially in inverse ratip to their relativeweights in all positionsof adjustment of said counterweight and-tube support on said table top.

6. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a tabletop pivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element support, acounterweight substantially twice as heavy as said X-ray tube elementsupport and connections between said counterweight and tube supportwhereby said tube support is moved at double the speed of the saidcounterweight.

7. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a tabletop pivotally so disposed relative to mounted on said support, an X-raytube element support, a counterweight substantially twice as heavy assaid X-ray tube element support and connections between saidcounterweight and tube support whereby said tube support is moved atdouble the speed of the said counterweight; said last named two elementsbeing so located that their moments of inertia about said point ofpivotal support. are substantially equal.

8. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a pivot onsaid support, a table top mounted on said pivot, and arranged foradjustment about said pivot, tube supporting means and a counterweightwhose Weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube element support onsaid table top on opposite sides oi said pivot, and means for movingsaid tube supporting means and said counterweight for increments ofdistance substantially in inverse ratio to their respective weights.

9. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a pivot onsaid sup port, a table top mounted on said pivot, and ar'anged foradjustment about said pivot, and tube supporting meai'is, and acounterweight whose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube elementsupport on said table top on opposite sides of said pivot, means forconnecting said tube supporting means and counterweight together forsimultaneous movement, said connecting means being arranged andconstructed so that the moments of inertia oi said tube supporting meansand counterweight about said pivot are substantially equal in allpositions of said tube supporting means and counterweight on said tabletop.

10. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a pivoton said support, a table top mounted on said pivot, and arranged foradjustment about said pivot, tube supporting means and a counterweightWhose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube element support onsaid table top on opposite sides ot said pivot, means for moving saidtube supporting means and said counterweight for increi'nents oidistance substantially in inverse ratio to their respective weights;said supporting means and counterweight being so proportioned anddisposed that their moments of inertia about said pivot aresubstantially equal.

11. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a tabletop pivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element supportmovable along and carried by said table, a counterweight whose weight isunequal to that of said X-ray tube element support connected to saidtube support carried by said tube and movable parallel with thedirection or movement of said tube support and connections between saidcountersaid table,

weight and tube support adapted to move said counterweight and said tubesupport in opposite directions and respectively for in crements ofdistance substantially in inverse ratio relative to the respectiveweights of said oppositely moving parts.

12. In an X-ray operating table, the combination of a support, a tabletop pivotally mounted on said support, an X-ray tube element supportmovable along and carried a counterweight whose weight is unequal tothat of said X-ray tube element support connected to said tube supportcarried by and movable parallel with the direction or movement of saidtube support and connections between said counterweight and tube supportadapted to move said counterweight and said tube support in oppositedirect-ions and respectively tor increments of distance substantially ininverse ratio relative to the respective weights or said oppositelymoving parts, said pair of parts being normally located on oppositesides of: the table axis.

13. In an Xray apparatus, the combination of an operating table toomounted to swing on a horizontal axis extending across the table top, acarriage, X-ray instrumentalil'ies on said carriage, a counterweightwhose weight is unequal to that of said X-ray tube element support,means connecting said counterweight and carriage and adapted to movesaid counterweight and carriage in opposite directions, and respectivelyfor increments oi distance substantially in inverse ratio relative tothe respective weights of said counterweight and carriage, saidcounterweight and carriage being lo cated on opposite sides of the tableaxis.

l i. in an X-ray apparatus, the combination of an operating table topmounted to swing on a horizontal axis extending across the table top, acarriage, X-ray instrumeir talities on said carriage, said carri gebeing movable longitudinally of and carried by said table top, acounterweight whose weight is unequal to that or said X-ray tube elementsupport carried by and movable paraL lel with the direction iidcarriage, means connecting said counterweight and carriage and adaptedto move said counterweight and carriage in opposite directions, andrespectively tor increments of distance substantially in inverse ratiorelative to the respective weights of said counterweight and carriage,said counterweight and carriage being located on opposite sides ot thetable axis, the axis of the table top being located nearer one end ofthe table top than the other end, and said counterweight being ofgreater weight than the carriage and parts carried thereby, and normallylocated between the table axis and said end.

In an X-ray apparatus, the combinafi l tion of an operating table topmounted to swing on a horizontal axis extending across the table top, acarriage, X-ray instrumentalities on said carriage, said carriage beingca ried by said table top, a counterweight whose weight is unequal tothatot said X- ray tube element support carried by said table top, meansconnecting said counterweight and carriage and adapted to move saidcounterweight and carriage in opposite directions, said counterweightand carriage being normally located on opposite sides ot the table axis,the axis ot the t r to top being located nearer one end ot the table topthan the other end, and said counterweight being out greater weight thanthe carriage and parts carried thereby, and normally located between thetable axis and said end, said connections being adapted to move thecounter weight and carriage in opposite i'lirections and at speeds opposl v proportioinde to the weights 0) said parts.

it The combination of a table frame, a table top provided with meansnearer one end (it the table than the other tor permit ting said tabletop to swing on a horizontal axis on said frame, a carriage, i i-rayappa ratus mounted on said carriage, a counterweight wl'iose weight isunequal to that o't said X-rav tube element support, incz'ans forconnecting said carriage to said counter: weight. so arranged as toprovide for more meat of the carriage a phu'alitv of times as great asthe movement of the counterweight, the counterweight and carriage beinglocated normally at opposite sides ot the table top axis and meansadditional to said counter weight tor balancing excess weight on the.opposite end of the table.

ii. in an lit-ray ap 'iaratus, the combination of an operating table topmounted to swing on a horizontal axis eiitei'iding across the table top,a carriage, i i-ray instrumentalities on said carriage, said carriugebeing carried by said table top, a counterweight whose w ight is unequalto that ot said X,- ray tube element support carried by said table top,means connecting said connten weight and carriage and adapted to movesaid counterweight and carriage in opposite directions and respectivelytor increments oi distance substantially in inverse ratio relative tothe respective weights of said counterweight and carriage, saidcounterweight and carriage being normally locatei'l on opposite sides ofthe table axis, the arrangement providing tor swinging said table topabove and below horizontal.

8. In an X-ray table, a supporting frame,

a table top mounted to swing on said frame, a handle, gearing operatedby said handle 'lor swinging said table top, said handle being movableinto operative or inoperative positions means auton'iaticallv tending tomove said handle into inoperative position and locking mechanismassociated with said handle serving to lock the table top againstmovement when the handle is moved into inoperative position. I

19. In an X-ray table, a supporting frame, a table top pivoted to swingon said frame, gearing for swinging said table top, a crank roroperating 's-air gearing and provided with a handle movably mounted onsaid crank to occupy operative and lllOJEltLll'hQ positionsrespectively, and means associated with said handle automaticallytending to lock said crank against. movement and to throw said handleinto its inoperative position, said means being adapted "to be renderedinoperative when the handle moved into operative position. e

20. In an X-ray table, a supporting frame, a table top pivotally mountedto swing on said frame, a crank rotatably mounted on said frame, gearingconnecting said crank withgthe table top for swinging the latter on itsaxis, a handle on said crank movable into an angular position relativeto said crank to operate the latter for swinging said table top, aspring associated with said crank, a locking member associated with saidhandle and operated by said spring for preventing movement (it saidcrank and tor swinging said handle into a position in alignment withsaid crank, the arrangement being such that when said handle is movedinto said angular position, said locking n'iembcr is withdrawnpermitting the table top to be swung.

21. In an X-ray table, a supporting frame, atable'top pivotally mountedto swing on said trame, a crank rotatably mounted on said "frame,gearing connecting said crank with the table top tor swinging the latteron its axis, a handle on said crank movable into an angular positionrelative to said crank to occupy the latter for swinging said table top,a spring associated with said crank, a locking member associated withsaid handle and operated by said spring for preventing movement ot saidcrank and for swinging said handle into a position in alignment withsaid crank, the arrangement being such that when said handle is movedinto said angular position, said locking member is withdrawn permittingthe table top to be swung, and also providing for locking said crank ina plurality of circumt'erentially spaced positions.

22. In X-ray apparatus, the combination ot a table top, a pair ofguideways extencling laterally across and under the table in spacedrelation for receiving a sensitized sheet slidaloly insertedthere-between, and means for automatically forcing said sheet toward thetops of said guideways and upwardly toward said table top, said meanscomprising plate springs adjacent said gnideways.

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23. In an X-ray apparatus, the combination of a table top, a pair ofguideways extending laterally across and under the table in spacedrelation for receiving a sensitized sheet slidably insertedtherebetu-een, and means automatically tending to force said sheettoward the tops of said guideways and upwardly toward said table top,said means com n'ising two pairs of oppositely disposed plate springsrespectively adjacent the guideways and adapted to press upwardly towardsaid sheet.

24. In X-ray armaratus, the combination of a table top, a memberextending uuder and laterally across the table top and provided withmeans for supporting and guiding a sensitized sheet .insertablelaterally under said table top and means permitting swinging movement ofsaid member out of path of X-rays emanating trom the under side of saidtable, said member being provided with springs for automatically forcingsaid sheet toward the table top when said member is in across-the-tableposition.

25. In X-ray apparatus, the con'ibinatiou of an X-ray table, a tiemember under said table top extending laterally across the latter andpivoted at one side of said table top whereby said member can be swungthrough an angle of substantially 90 to occupy an across-the-table, oran alongside-tlie-table position, and means for lockingsaid member inadjusted position, said member being provided with a spring tending, toforce upwardly a sensitized sheet guided by said member.

26. In X-ray apparatus, the combination of an X-ray table, a tielDGll'llJQl' under said table top extending laterally across the latternnd pivoted at one side of said table top whereby said member can beswung through an, angle of substantially 90 to occupy anacross-tlie-table, or an alongside-tile-table, position, and means forlocking said member in adjusted position, said member being providedwith a guideway for a sensitized sheet and a pair of opposed platesprings parallel with and adjacent said guide-way for forcing said sheettoward the table.

27. In combination, an X-ray table top, means for locating a sensitizedsheet under said table top, a tube sup-port movable along said table,and means for automatically and positive locating said tube support .inproper operative position relative to said sensitizet sheet, when thetube support is moved along said table, said means comprising astationary member and a vertically movable plunger movable with the tubesupport tor engaging said stationary member.

28. In X-ray apparatus, a pair of spaced parallel supporting rods, acarriage mounted to move along said rods, a member rockingly supportedon said carriage to swing about an axis transverse of the length of saidrods, a plate slidable a limited distance on said member in a directionsubstantially parallel with said last named axis but in an upwardlyconvex are.

29. In combination, a pair of spaced parallel supporting rods, acarriage mounted to move along said rods, a member rockingly suppmrtedon said carriage to swing about an axis transverse ot' the length ofsaid rods, a plate slidabie a limited distance on said member in adirection substantially parallel with said last named axis but in anupwardl v convex are. and means tor rotating the tube on said plateabout a normally vertical axis.

30. in combination, a tube support memher provided with an aperture, andwith a plurality of retaining members projecting inwardly toward eachother and a circumlerentially flanged compression member at tar-liableto said support by a rotary movement of said compression element, saidelement having projections adapted to register and interlock withv saidretaining members or be disengaged therefrom by said rotary movement.

JULIUS J. GROBE.

